Homo sapiens and Neanderthal

Homo sapiens-Human

Humans(Homo sapiens) are primates of the family Hominidae, and the only extant species of the genus Homo.They originated in Africa where they reached anatomical modernity about 200000yrs ago.

Humans are characterized by having large brain relative to body size with a particularly well developed neocortex, prefrontal cortex and temporal lobes, making them capable of abstract reasoning language, intraspection, problem solving and culture through social learning. This mental capability combined with an adaptation to bipedal locomotion that frees the hands for manipulating objects has allowed humans to make far greater use of tools than any other living species on earth. Humans are the only extant species known to build fires and cook their foods.

Habitat and population

Early human settlements were dependent on proximity to water and depending on the lifestyle. Other natural  reasons used for subsistence, such as populations of animal prey for hunting and arable land for growing crops and grazing livestock. But humans have a great capacity for alternating their habitats.

Now humans are found in all terrestrial habitats worldwide. Humans extensively modify habitats as well creating areas that are habitable by a much reduced set of other organisms as in urban and agricultural areas with the aid of technologies to obtain food.

Diet

Humans are omnivorous , capable of consuming a wide variety of plant and animal material. Until the the development agriculture. Homo sapiens employed a hunter gatherer method as their sole means of food collection.

Neanderthal

The Neanderthals are a now -extinct species and closely related to modern humans. They are known from fossil specimens dating to the Pleistocene period . 

Neanderthals are classified alternatively as a subspecies of Homo sapiens (Homo sapiens neanderthalensis) or as a separate species of the same genus (Homo neanderthalensis) 

Neanderthal cranial capacity is thought to have been as that of modern humans , perhaps larger , indicating that their brain size may have been comparable or larger as well. They were stronger than modern humans having particularly strong arms and hands.

The last common ancestor between anatomically modern humans and Neanderthals appears to be Homo rhodesiensis , typified by an archaic human fossil discovered in Northern Rhodesia.

Neanderthals ,made and used a diverse set of sophisticated  tools , controled  fire , lived in shelters made and wore clothing , were skilled hunters of large animals and also are plant foods.

Are Neanderthals human?

The bones had the overall shape that expect from a human skeleton. But some bones strange features too.The skull cap , eg: ported a heavy brow ridge , hanging over the eyes like a boney pair of goggles . It was at once human and not.

Neanderthals are our closest extinct human relative some designing features of their skulls include the large middle part of the face , angled cheek bones and a huge nose for humiditying and warming cold , dry air. Their bones were shorter and stockler than ours , another adaptation to living in cold environment .But their brain were just as large as ours and often larger protional to their brownier bodies.

Compared to Neanderthals and other late archaic humans , generally have more delicate skeletons . Their skulls are more rounded  and their brow ridges generally protrude much less . They rarely have the occipital buns found on the back of Neanderthal  skulls. They also have relatively high foreheads, smaller faces and pointed chins.